ν°μ€ν 리 λ·°
π [νκ΅μ΄ λ¬Έλ²] λΆμ λ¬Έ λ§λ€κΈ°: “μ”κ³Ό “λͺ»”μ μ°¨μ΄
Korean Grammar: Negative Sentences with “μ” and “λͺ»”
μλ
νμΈμ! Hello, Korean learners! π
μ€λμ λ§μ νμ΅μλ€μ΄ ν·κ°λ €νλ λΆμ νν “μ”κ³Ό “λͺ»”μ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό λ°°μλ³΄κ² μ΅λλ€.
β “μ” vs “λͺ»” – What's the difference?
| μ | μλμ μΈ λΆμ (intention) | not | μ κ°μ = I don't go |
| λͺ» | λ₯λ ₯μ΄λ μν©μ λΆκ°λ₯ (inability) | cannot / can't | λͺ» κ°μ = I can’t go |
π¦ “μ” → I don’t (won’t)
- μλμ μΌλ‘ νμ§ μλ κ²½μ°
- You choose not to do something.
πΉ μλ¬Έ | Examples
- μ λ μμ λ₯Ό μ νμ΄μ.
→ I didn’t do my homework (I chose not to). - μμΉ¨μ μ λ¨Ήμμ΄μ.
→ I didn’t eat breakfast.
π© “λͺ»” → I can’t (couldn’t)
- λ₯λ ₯μ΄λ μν© λλ¬Έμ λͺ» νλ κ²½μ°
- You want to, but can’t.
πΉ μλ¬Έ | Examples
- μ λ μμ λ₯Ό λͺ» νμ΄μ.
→ I couldn’t do my homework (I didn’t have time or was too busy). - μ§νμ² μ΄ λ©μΆ°μ νμ¬μ λͺ» κ°μ΄μ.
→ The subway stopped, so I couldn’t go to work.
π£οΈ μ§§μ νν μμ (Mini Dialogue)
π©: μμ νμ΄μ?
(Did you do your homework?)
π¨: μλμ, μμ λ₯Ό λͺ» νμ΄μ. λ무 νΌκ³€νμ΄μ.
(No, I couldn’t. I was too tired.)
π μ°μ΅λ¬Έμ (Practice Quiz)
λ€μ λ¬Έμ₯μ μ½κ³ “μ” λλ “λͺ»” μ€ μλ§μ κ²μ λ£μΌμΈμ.
Choose the correct negative word: μ or λͺ»
- μ λ μμΉ¨μ ____ λ¨Ήμμ΄μ.
- μΉκ΅¬κ° λ¦κ² μμ μνλ₯Ό ____ λ΄€μ΄μ.
- λ―Όμλ μμ λ₯Ό ____ νμ΄μ.
- μ€λμ μ΄λμ ____ ν΄μ.
- νΌκ³€ν΄μ μ²μλ₯Ό ____ νμ΄μ.
β μ λ΅ (Answers)
- μ
- λͺ»
- μ (λλ λͺ» – μν©μ λ°λΌ κ°λ₯)
- μ
- λͺ»
β¨ λ§λ¬΄λ¦¬
| μλ―Έ | μλμ μΈ κ±°μ /λΆμ | λΆκ°λ₯/λ₯λ ₯ λΆμ‘± |
| μμ΄ | not | cannot / can't |
| μ | μ κ°μ (I don’t go) | λͺ» κ°μ (I can’t go) |
π λΆμ λ¬Έμ μμ£Ό μ°μ΄λ νν! π
Useful Korean Negative Expressions!
β 1. μ ν / νλλ + μ
- μλ―Έ (Meaning): μ ν, μ‘°κΈλ νμ§ μμ → not at all
- λ³΄ν΅ “μ”κ³Ό κ°μ΄ μ¨μ κ°ν λΆμ μ λνλ
(Usually used with “μ” for strong negation.)
πΉ μλ¬Έ (Examples):
- μ λ λ§€μ΄ μμμ μ ν μ λ¨Ήμ΄μ.
→ I don’t eat spicy food at all. - κ·Έλ μμ΄λ₯Ό νλλ λͺ» ν΄μ.
→ He can’t speak English at all.
β 2. λ³λ‘ + μ
- μλ―Έ (Meaning): κ·Έλ κ² λ§μ΄ ~νμ§ μμ → not really / not much
- μ½ν λΆμ λλ
(Shows a weak or mild negative feeling.)
πΉ μλ¬Έ (Examples):
- μ λ 컀νΌλ₯Ό λ³λ‘ μ μ’μν΄μ.
→ I don’t really like coffee. - μμ¦ μΌμ΄ λ³λ‘ μμ΄μ.
→ There’s not much work these days.
β 3. μμ§ + μ
- μλ―Έ (Meaning): μμ§ ~νμ§ μμ → not yet
- μ΄λ€ μΌμ΄ μμ§ μΌμ΄λμ§ μμμμ λνλ
(Shows that something hasn’t happened yet.)
πΉ μλ¬Έ (Examples):
- μ λ μμ§ μ λ¨Ήμμ΄μ.
→ I haven’t eaten yet. - μΉκ΅¬κ° μμ§ μ μμ΄μ.
→ My friend hasn’t arrived yet.
β 4. λͺ» + νλ€ (λ₯λ ₯/λΆκ°λ₯)
- μλ―Έ (Meaning): ν μ μμ → cannot
- μν©μ λΆκ°λ₯, λ₯λ ₯ λΆμ‘±
(Used when someone is unable to do something due to circumstances or ability.)
πΉ μλ¬Έ (Examples):
- μ λ μμμ λͺ» ν΄μ.
→ I can’t swim. - μ΄μ λ무 λ°λΉ μ μμ λ₯Ό λͺ» νμ΄μ.
→ I couldn’t do my homework yesterday.
β 5. μ + νλ€ (μλμ λΆμ )
- μλ―Έ (Meaning): μΌλΆλ¬ νμ§ μμ → don’t / won’t
- λ³ΈμΈμ μ ν, μμ§
(Used when you intentionally choose not to do something.)
πΉ μλ¬Έ (Examples):
- μ λ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μ λ¨Ήμ΄μ.
→ I don’t eat meat. - μ€λμ μ΄λμ μ ν κ±°μμ.
→ I’m not going to exercise today.
π£οΈ νν ν¨ν΄ μμ (Conversation Patterns)
μλ ν¨ν΄λ€μ μ΅νλ©΄ ν¨μ¬ μμ°μ€λ½κ² λΆμ λ¬Έμ μΈ μ μμ΅λλ€!
→ Learning these patterns will help you speak negative sentences more naturally in Korean!
β ν¨ν΄ 1
[μ ν/νλλ] + μ + Verb
- μ λ μ μ μ ν μ λ§μ
μ.
→ I don’t drink alcohol at all.
β ν¨ν΄ 2
μμ§ + μ + Verb
- μ λ μμ§ μμ λ₯Ό μ νμ΄μ.
→ I haven’t done my homework yet.
β ν¨ν΄ 3
λͺ» + Verb
- λΉκ° μμ λ°μ λͺ» λκ°μ΄μ.
→ Because it rained, I couldn’t go outside.
β ν¨ν΄ 4
λ³λ‘ + μ + Verb
- κ·Έ μνλ λ³λ‘ μ μ¬λ―Έμμμ΄μ.
→ That movie wasn’t very interesting.
→ Next Friday—Let’s master “~κ³ μμ΄μ” and talk about what’s happening right now!
'1. TOPIK μ΄κΈλ¬Έλ²( TOPIK Basic Grammar)' μΉ΄ν κ³ λ¦¬μ λ€λ₯Έ κΈ
| π°μ°κ²°μ΄λ―Έ β -κ³ , -μ§λ§ (3) | 2025.07.11 |
|---|---|
| πβ-μμ / -μ΄μβ π (3) | 2025.07.11 |
| π~κ³ μμ΄μ (2) | 2025.07.07 |
| πμ vs λ₯Όπ (0) | 2025.07.03 |
| βμ/λβ vs βμ΄/κ°β (4) | 2025.06.15 |